centralization and decentralization of authority

См. также в других словарях:

• Decentralization — or decentralisation (see spelling differences) is the process of dispersing decision making governance closer to the people and/or citizens. It includes the dispersal of administration or governance in sectors or areas like engineering,… …   Wikipedia

• centralization — The concentration of activities, powers, and decision making authority within an organization. Centralization can occur (i) in geographical terms (e.g., in the centralization of powers at a * multinational corporation’s head office), (ii) in… …   Auditor's dictionary

• decentralization — Within an organization, the granting of autonomy in activities, powers, and decision making authority. The delegation of responsibility can occur both geographically and across layers of management. Contrast *centralization …   Auditor's dictionary

• Empire and Communications — is a book published in 1950 by University of Toronto professor Harold Innis. It is based on six lectures Innis delivered at Oxford University in 1948. [Watson, John Alexander. (2006) Marginal Man: The Dark Vision of Harold Innis . Toronto:… …   Wikipedia

• Water supply and sanitation in Mexico — While many Mexican water supply and sanitation service providers rank among the best in Latin America, in general, the Mexican water and sanitation sector is characterized by the following issues (i) poor technical and commercial efficiency of… …   Wikipedia

• Water supply and sanitation in the Dominican Republic — Drinking water quality Various factors affect the water quality in the Dominican Republic, including: poor condition of purification systems, minimal operational controls, low level of maintenance of treatment plants, and mostly intermittent… …   Wikipedia

• Comparison of Canadian and United States governments — Though there are many similarities between the politics of Canada and the politics of the United States, there are also important differences. Many of the differences and similarities have formed the foundation for debates in the nineteenth,… …   Wikipedia

• Organizational configuration — Today’s companies are faced with strategic tasks emerging from the international operating environment. The ability to respond to those tasks is usually constrained by their internal capabilities, which are shaped by the company’s administrative… …   Wikipedia

• Decentralized decision making — is any process where the decision making authority is distributed throughout a larger group. It also connotes a higher authority given to lower level functionaries, executives, and workers. This can be in any organization of any size, from a… …   Wikipedia

• Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination — The Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination (HKALE, 香港高級程度會考), or more commonly known as the A level, conducted by the Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority (HKEAA), is normally taken by senior students at the end of their matriculation in …   Wikipedia

• India — /in dee euh/, n. 1. Hindi, Bharat. a republic in S Asia: a union comprising 25 states and 7 union territories; formerly a British colony; gained independence Aug. 15, 1947; became a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations Jan. 26, 1950.… …   Universalium